European governments: 3.000 tracking sites, 1.000 phpMyAdmins, and 99% poorly
106 points by aequitas 2 hours ago | 40 comments

lionkor 31 minutes ago
Might this be because any kind of genuine pentesting, unless it's explicitly been paid for, is highly illegal in countries like Germany (§ 202c StGB, § 202a StGB, etc.)?

For example, I'd be more than happy to pentest some govt websites here in Germany, if the very act of visiting them with a non-standard browser couldn't somehow already be misconstrued as breaking various hacking laws. No thanks! Keep your security vulnerabilities.

reply
zelphirkalt 20 minutes ago
In Germany we have the completely wrong mindset for such things. Instead of being grateful, all we care about is "whose fault is it" and CYA tactics. And no one wants to be "guilty" or have their incompetence revealed, so suits will do anything they can to avoid that. Somethings serious needs to go wrong first, so that loss of face already happens, before anyone will move. Maybe we need to get hacked by Russia a few more times.
reply
CalRobert 15 minutes ago
How is the home of chaos computer club so bad at this....
reply
rf15 9 minutes ago
It is only this degree of malice and incompetence that can give rise to something like the CCC.
reply
sigmoid10 26 minutes ago
To be fair, most of this stuff could be found with any normal browser. You don't even need browser dev tools. But if you write a simple script to automate any of this... yeah. They can totally get you for doing that.
reply
lionkor 14 minutes ago
Visiting an admin page is fine, yeah, but even just trying a default password, or having specific cookies set in the browser that look like an attempt to gain access, already clearly violate § 202a and you could be prosecuted, from how I read that law's text.

And while URL obscurity alone is weak evidence of "special protection" of a resource, I'm sure some legal team would love to try to argue otherwise.

reply
aequitas 2 hours ago
Today we launch SecurityBaseline: monitoring 67.000 governments and 200.000 sites.

Headlines: 3.000 governmental sites use tracking cookies illegally, over 1.000 database management interfaces are publicly reachable, 99% of governmental email is poorly encrypted.

reply
0123456789ABCDE 4 minutes ago
Q: would you mark google.com with any "high risk" findings?

there are quite a few like this, that on close inspection, are just fine

reply
repelsteeltje 2 hours ago
Maybe post this as Show HN? And adjust headline to fit max chars.
reply
aequitas 2 hours ago
Thanks, will do that.
reply
gbkgbk8 20 minutes ago
yes
reply
rickdeckard 17 minutes ago
Great work. It's fun how these graphs indirectly hint at a cross-section of "e-Gov"/"tech-literacy in politics" per country with those incident-tables.

1. Countries with strong e-government and HIGH understanding of its requirements rank LOW (good!)

2. Countries with evolving e-government practices and LOW understanding of the implications rank HIGH (bad!)

3. Countries FAR BEHIND in e-government practices rank LOW (...good?)

Goes to show that globally we need more tech-literate people on the forefront of politics, so that the proper priorities are also set in execution...

reply
CalRobert 11 minutes ago
Cool stuff but odd that Ireland has results for all but 3 counties and one of the ones missing data is Co Dublin...
reply
Stitch4223 5 minutes ago
I've added it to the backlog. We're also missing several other regions, but Ireland is the most obvious.
reply
debesyla 40 minutes ago
Is there a list of these "goverment" sites anywhere?

I have been working on similar project, focusing on lithuanian-only "goverment" sites, but it's not perfectly obvious how to recognise public vs private websites, as at least half of those are managed privatelly, used publically. (Mostly due that was cheaper and/or because lack of requirements and/or other weird situations.)

But yeah, I can confirm that stats are same-ish in Lithuanian web too. I just havent finished gathering data yet, it will take a while.

reply
Stitch4223 28 minutes ago
What we have is published on https://securitybaseline.eu/datasets openly. Some governments publish lists, and they will be incomplete. In the article we point to our most successful approach: sifting through the (partial) zone file with domain owner information. That delivered thousands of sites the Dutch government didn't even know about.

Perhaps a freedom of information request might also work, but that will take a lot of time to write correctly and does not scale across all governments.

reply
cryo32 17 minutes ago
Perhaps surprisingly, we already do this in the UK. Public-facing side of the security services are all over it.
reply
nubinetwork 5 minutes ago
Can we start using a comma as a thousands separator instead of a period?
reply
usrnm 2 minutes ago
In most (all?) European countries comma is the decimal separator
reply
zihotki 55 minutes ago
That's a wonderful initiative! I wanted first to complain about Dutch municipalities but looking at the foundation, I see fellow dutch- and belgian-men are already focusing on them!
reply
Neil44 46 minutes ago
To be fair it's pretty much the norm with shared and even vps hosting that your cpanel etc will be publicly accessible. Only people who hand-roll their setups will have things firewalled down etc. And if it's a website promoting a local tree planting initiative or whatever is it really a good use of budget to get everything hardened so much.
reply
onion2k 44 minutes ago
And if it's a website promoting a local tree planting initiative or whatever is it really a good use of budget to get everything hardened so much.

Given the fact lots of sites like that have Wordpress 'databases' of form submissions full of people's personal data, absolutely definitely emphatically yes.

reply
vin10 34 minutes ago
There should be a metric for sites hosting malicious content!

https[:]//erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2026-05/mortal-kombat-2-cs.pdf

reply
SyneRyder 17 minutes ago
Might be worth enclosing that URL in quotes or using [dot] in the URL instead, so people don't accidentally click on that "mortal-kombat-2-cs.pdf" file that Europa.EU is hosting.

VirusTotal claims the PDF file is clean, but I don't think I'd fully trust it anyway. If you do find malicious content, could be worth submitting the URLs to VirusTotal so that the domain is flagged by browsers (eg Google SafeBrowsing) and people can't accidentally visit ec.europa.eu domains until it has been cleaned.

reply
jillesvangurp 44 minutes ago
Interesting data set. Would be interesting to repeat the same for SMEs. In my experience, Germany is pretty hopelessly behind on everything except GDPR enforcement. They are kings of that. Must have a cookie screen, apparently. That's why they score so good on that and not much else.

When the GDPR became active eight or so years ago, we got a few GDPR related requests to our service. Basically strongly worded requests to remove their data and account, which we of course honored. All of these came from Germany. Nobody else really cared. But it was kind of curious quickly that happened. What was interesting is that we had zero such requests before that law came into power. And it's not like we were misbehaving or would have denied such a request. This was more a matter of principle: "I now finally have the right to ask this, so I'm going to."

Germany is a big reason GDPR got so complicated and why, hopefully soon, it will be updated to not be fixated on just cookies so much. It never really was about the cookies but about data handling and sharing.

Any mobile app you install might track you without setting cookies and you can't install an ad blocker in those either. That's why Google loves apps so much. You don't actually need cookies for those. There usually is no cookie screen when you install one usually (unless it's a web app packaged up as an app). But sharing personal data with a third party provider is still problematic under GDPR. If you read the actual law, it barely mention cookies at all. The "must have consent screen for cookies" is just the common (mis)-interpretation for laymen; because it's the most visible impact that this has had on them. When it comes to date removal and other requests, it's less about features you have and more about processes you use for complying with legal requests. That can be a person answering emails and doing things manually. Doesn't scale if you get a lot of requests but it would be fine legally.

reply
ketzu 8 minutes ago
> Germany is a big reason GDPR got so complicated and why, hopefully soon, it will be updated to not be fixated on just cookies so much.

In what way is GDPR focused on cookies?

In my experience, developers in online discussions make it seem all about cookies, pretending other ways of tracking don't exist, while the law does not. But it has been a while since I looked into it and I might remember that wrong.

> There usually is no cookie screen when you install one usually (unless it's a web app packaged up as an app).

A lot of games provide opt-in screens, as they heavily rely on ad networks.

> If you read the actual law, it barely mention cookies at all

Now I am confused, didn't you just say it was focused on cookies?

reply
egorfine 40 minutes ago
> What was interesting is that we had zero such requests before that law came into power

Because these requests would be 100% ignored. And the law gave people the power they wanted.

I'm mentally and legally far from Germany and I'm not a big supporter of GDPR, but this law is indeed a step in the right direction.

reply
lccerina 49 minutes ago
Honestly surprised that Italian municipalities are doing relatively well compared to other countries. Maybe it helped a push from the government to have a shared design for municipal websites (https://github.com/orgs/italia/repositories?q=comuni)
reply
oliviergg 52 minutes ago
seems a good idea, but currently down.
reply
aequitas 45 minutes ago
slashdotted, dispite preparations :), working on it
reply
jocelyner 33 minutes ago
[flagged]
reply
JoheyDev888 45 minutes ago
[flagged]
reply
ExoticPearTree 35 minutes ago
Be thankful there are only so few.

The thing with government stuff is that no one is held accountable. Even people “fired” from doing a lousy job in a place will just be transfered to another department or another government agency. No one really gets fired fired. And when you know nothing happens to your job… there is no incentive to be good at it.

reply
lionkor 29 minutes ago
Bot account? It's been 2026 for a while now.
reply
m4tthumphrey 41 minutes ago
Came here to say this. Absolutely insane.

Why is phpMyAdmin even still needed/wanted in 2026? It's not exactly user friendly for a developer, let alone an average Gov employee...

reply
zelphirkalt 14 minutes ago
It's what you get, when you scrape the bottom of the barrel with the salaries you are willing to pay. Are you willing to take a 1/3 pay cut for no good reason? You are welcome to work in such positions.
reply
spaqin 33 minutes ago
Knowing the govt sector, the developers probably got hired 20 years ago and enjoy their stable, chill, even if a bit low pay job. No need to do CV-Driven Development and chase any new trend if the site's running and they're not looking for a new position...
reply
ExoticPearTree 35 minutes ago
Because most of the Wordpress shops only know how to work with PHPMyAdmin.
reply
junaru 22 minutes ago
Clarify what is "used today" and what features phpmyadmin provided that are "no longer needed". Until then your comment is just a juvenile attack.
reply
rambambram 39 minutes ago
Quit the lowkey PHP bashing, please.
reply
m4tthumphrey 26 minutes ago
I think (a public) phpMyAdmin in 2026 deserves a good bashing.

(I have been working with PHP for 20 years)

reply
vga1 34 minutes ago
Yeah, PHP bashing should be highkey.
reply