For anyone with an interest this article is cut down and pared slice of a portion of the work of Dr. Olivier Walther and Dr. Steven Radil, geographers at the University of Florida.

A somewhat longer article of theirs is Why African Borderlands Keep Burning (April 15, 2026) - https://africanarguments.org/2026/04/why-african-borderlands...

and a recent paper Mapping the long-term trajectories of political violence in Africa (MARCH 2026) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06502

I thought walled towns died not due to state authority becoming stronger, but because offensive weaponry simply became effective enough to overcome walls. Walls can protect you from men with swords, but not from heavy artillery or bombers. Today, wouldn't a fleet of cheap drones render a wall moot?

A medieval culture that overproduces youth, allows for poly-gamy and is thus constantly stuck in wars and surrounded by a regional ring of fire wherever it spreads and encounters unbelievers reintroduces the medieval fortress wall wherever it goes? Just imagine if that had never been different for the last 1400 years.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak

In the long run, i expect there to be anti-militant drone walls. Basically flying minefields in that region to become the standard against border incursions. If a culture can not produce peaceful regions, there will be a technological "security solution" that boils down to a automated drone driven dhijadi abortion system. Its not nice, but reality has to be dealt with and cheap.