Mac at Any Scale
153 points by anner_ 4 hours ago | 68 comments

kccqzy 2 hours ago
Amazing article. It just goes to show how many problems they are solving just to work around bugs and limitations within Apple itself. I’d wager a guess that if Apple made a new Xserve with the same performance as a Mac mini but twice the price people would still buy them, because figuring out data center operations is expensive.
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ttul 5 minutes ago
I have no idea if this is true, but I would not be surprised if Apple has its own unreleased server variant based on the Mac Mini or Mac Studio platform that is deployed in data centers for specific clients.
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adgjlsfhk1 11 minutes ago
I feel like the ideal would be a 2U, 8 mac mini with dual 10Gb ethernet, shared dual power supplies, actual datacenter heatsink layout would be such a great CI platform.
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brianwawok 9 minutes ago
How many would they sell per year, and how would the total revenue compare to iPhone revenue?
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flanz_10 19 minutes ago
they could charge 8x if they packed 4 in a rack.
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Zotta 47 minutes ago
[dead]
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willmeyers 25 minutes ago
Yeah Apple needs to fix this by either making Xcode Cloud better, make more Mac minis (or just dedicated server hardware), or even loosening the two-VM limit. This kind of thing is bad for the average consumer and just plain wasteful.
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ariwilson 20 minutes ago
I'm a little surprised that people would rather rent a Mac than buy one. Less so now that Apple raised the prices but for a long time a M4 Mac Mini was $599 which only works out to about 6 months at these prices.

Especially since they're not like a regular server, loud and power hungry. They're the definition of quiet and power sipping. I have one do all my background coding work when I want to keep my laptop clear (being headless helps with me moving around too).

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borschtplease 51 minutes ago
Apple still lives in the world where software developed in IDE on a personal computer and shipped as a boxed software on a disquette with a licence key. Xcode cloud is a joke. All their automation is a joke. It’s not surprising even their own software development stuck because of their ecosystem because they use same tools, same cryptic software signing with their plists, p8, chains, certificates, lack of ui testing, horrible cpp, objc legacy. You just drowning in this environment. How I wish we have proper web app apis at last
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therepanic 47 minutes ago
and what kind of world do we live in now
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solatic 41 minutes ago
Android tooling is cross-platform and easily executed in your choice of CI provider with cheap Linux ARM minutes. Simulator-based UI tests are headless (there are headless tests for iOS but not macOS). It's not even remotely a close comparison.
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mrtesthah 40 minutes ago
That must be why everyone’s trying to release Android apps now.
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NoidFonsense 35 minutes ago
No, the apple ecosystem will always hold a monopoly over stupid upper class people to fleece. Apple will say "jump" and Developers will ask how high (if they know what's good for their wallet)
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bensyverson 44 minutes ago
A world where people use Claude to operate doomed SaaS products
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f1shy 18 minutes ago
Which are developed in jails, in virtual containers in other containers in virtual machines on top of hypervisor cloud system
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mrtesthah 41 minutes ago
>How I wish we have proper web app apis at last

You mean APIs that inconsiderate developers use to release a simple calculator in the form of a 300+MB binary that eats a quarter of my RAM?

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lenerdenator 39 minutes ago
They might still be living in that world, but they also live in a world where they can do exactly $0 of R&D of actual rack server SKUs and still have people buying their high-end MBP SKUs at halfway-decent used car prices.

So I get why they don't care.

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00deadbeef 2 hours ago
This article is dated November 3rd yet I've read it months ago, it was already in my history.
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traceroute66 51 minutes ago
Honestly, my first thought was "does the datacentre know ?"

12 MacBooks per shelf, if we say roughly 5U per shelf (21.12/4.445 rounded up), so roughly 9 shelves per 47U rack, so 100-ish MacBooks per rack.

That's a scary density of LiPo battery.

The author complains about the lack of redundant power in Mac Minis, but there are other ways to get redundant power into one AC input.

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the_af 7 minutes ago
> The author complains about the lack of redundant power in Mac Minis, but there are other ways to get redundant power into one AC input.

They know, they explicitly acknowledge they could manage this problem. The actual reason why they don't use Mac Minis is different, and explained in the article.

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andai 2 hours ago
Title should be edited to "Putting hundreds of MacBooks in a data center (because Apple is silly)" imo
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nickandbro 24 minutes ago
I could see Mac minis being used for data center type setups. But MacBooks are distinctly consumer devices. I know your company is trying to solve a niche. But if it stops becoming a niche, consumers will be impacted because of operations like yours.
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SOLAR_FIELDS 22 minutes ago
The incentives of the current system are not set up as such for this company to care about potential negative externalities of their actions.
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sneak 22 minutes ago
The article addresses that.

> But still, why laptops? Isn’t it a major waste of screen pixels and keyboard buttons and battery ions? Well yes, Mac Mini would be a better choice for a datacenter. Sure, it has very rudimentary remote management, no redundant power, and a beautiful case that ensures that cooling will be difficult regardless of which side you lay it on. But these are all known challenges that we have learned to manage.

> But have you actually tried to order a couple hundred Minis? We have. Ordered in January, delivered in July. Welcome to the world of 2026 when the supply chains are in disarray. Never mind that Apple doesn’t release updated CPU models to all devices at once. So Mac Mini didn’t get M5 cores for 10 months (and then suddenly got M6 before any other device model!). We promise the best and the newest to our customers so we had to be inventive. That’s how the MacBook-in-Datacenter project was born.

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js2 40 minutes ago
> Another source of pain: FileVault disk encryption. Or rather decryption.

Amazon solves this by disabling FileVault and warns against enabling it.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-mac-...

Amazon also has much tighter integration and offers the Macs bare-metal. This has the downside that you can only gets Macs as dedicated hosts, so it's another layer to manage, and that it takes around an hour to wipe the Mac whenever you shut it down, even if you're not going to release the underlying dedicated host. Also for the last year, even grabbing a Mac dedicated hosts often runs into "None available" for hours at a time. Amazon tells you "try this other zone" but even that is no guarantee. I wasn't even able to get our TAMs to tell me whether trying other regions was likely to help. Besides that, it takes 5-10 minutes to launch a Mac, and once you acquire one, there's a 24 hour minimum billing period due to Apple licensing restrictions. Which is all to say, as a single customer, you can't really build an elastically scaled Mac CI/CD farm on top of AWS. You really need to size for your peak load. Which is expensive compared to just buying your own Macs, but $former_employer didn't want to be in the datacenter business.

FWIW, I believe MacStadium was the first to offer Macs in datacenters as a service:

https://9to5mac.com/2020/12/27/macstadium-mac-mini/

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miniman1337 3 hours ago
Isnt it against the Apple EULA to sell VMs of Macos? Love the creative problem solving with the HW.
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hmartin 3 hours ago
> A well-known limitation is that Apple only allows two macOS VMs per physical Mac. It can be a Mac Pro with 24 cores and 192 GB memory, yet it is limited to running only two guest VMs. This limitation leaks into our product offering: we can only slice Mac resources in two halves. So we run instances with 6 or 12 cores on 14-core Mac Minis and 8/16-core instances on 18-core MacBooks (we reserve a couple cores for management overhead).
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GeekyBear 6 minutes ago
To be fair, it was against Microsoft's EULA to sell the OEM version of Windows to individuals who built a computer from parts.

Nobody cared.

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kylec 3 hours ago
I don't know about selling, but Apple permits up to 2 virtualized Macs to run on a Mac. If they are circumventing this limit that would be an issue, but it doesn't sound like they are.
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miniman1337 2 hours ago
Ah okay - and the 24 hour minimum rental time doesn't apply to VMs? Im just curious how they are getting around the limits that Mac Stadium and AWS have.
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zamadatix 55 minutes ago
They aren't getting around any limitations. How you decide to bill for meeting the limitations is a business decision, and you can do it via either higher average rates and allow more granular rentals to be financially covered that way or by requiring a 24 hour minimum.

I.e. just because Apple requires you to do things in 24 hour increments does not mean your billing has to expose it in exactly the same way.

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miniman1337 15 minutes ago
I dont think thats an correct interpretation of the EULA, they are just choosing to ignore it - https://wiki.licenseware.io/catalog/rules/apple-macos-lease-...
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gizmodo59 38 minutes ago
"Luckily by now we found almost perfect cables that bend exactly as we want them to bend. And we bought the entire supply of them. There are zero more of them available to order on Amazon." Everyone is hoarding at any cost...
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fillskills 2 hours ago
Man, kudos to the person or AI who designed their website. Easy to read, easy to find any information, with eye catching branding.
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corvad 53 minutes ago
Hmm hundreds of laptop batteries in a datacenter doesn't seem too smart.
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skrrtww 2 hours ago
> You can't build iOS apps without a Mac.

I'm not sure this is true anymore.

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graypegg 2 hours ago
xtool [0] came up on here a while ago [1]. I think it still requires you get a big xcode app bundle off a macos machine and drop that into xtool, since there's no other way to get the iOS library header files from Apple. The other parts of xcode just aren't used as far as I know. Other than that caveat, you're running builds in xtool's own environment on whatever platform you choose. You can even do code signing.

[0] https://xtool.sh

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44011515

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bluesign 47 minutes ago
Technically you can, legally not sure
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giwook 2 hours ago
It is.
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nout 2 hours ago
You can build iOS apps on Omarchy now
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shye 49 minutes ago
Omarchy is even less production ready than racking up laptops.
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solyin 44 minutes ago
Plus there's the issue that DHH is a racist twat.
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shye 36 minutes ago
That's one of the reasons to keep it as far as possible from anywhere you need trust (like prod): software, like soylent green, is made of people. And you can't trust people like him.
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nwellinghoff 2 hours ago
I really wonder if Apple's logic to require a sale of a unit for 2 VMs is fiscally correct. Seems like it would be better to open it up to virtualization such that more devs can make iOS and macOS apps. Is the community of devs being forced to buy mac hw just do dev a iOS/macOs app so large that its worth putting us through all this HASSLE? Maybe they are worried about clone machine/farms that will eat into their sales. Idk. Because they are so VM unfriendly, I refuse to deal with Apple's bs.
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intrasight 2 hours ago
> Is the community of devs being forced to buy mac hw just do dev a iOS/macOs app so large

Yes.

Why else would you buy such an expensive machine with such a crappy operating system?

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N7lo4nl34akaoSN 2 hours ago
It's Unix and it can run any pro creative app you like.
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someguyiguess 2 hours ago
Not crappy. Skill issue.
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nichtverstehen 38 minutes ago
Author here. Happy to answer questions.
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shambu2k 11 minutes ago
I remember seeing on X about someone building iOS apps on Omarchy - have you something tried similar?
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allywilson 16 minutes ago
Do you think Apple will allow more than 2 VMs at some point?
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nichtverstehen 3 minutes ago
I was hopeful that they might lift the limit with a refresh of Mac Pro (it even had a rack mount version). But with Mac Pro discontinued not keeping the hopes up anymore.
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amelius 27 minutes ago
> You can't build iOS apps without a Mac.

I'm hoping AI will change that soon.

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some-guy 22 minutes ago
You can already do this, but the Apple’s EULA forbids Mac OS running (virtually or otherwise) on non-Apple hardware.
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drnick1 19 minutes ago
So what? The EULA can say whatever it wants.
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sneak 23 minutes ago
Today you can run macOS and current Xcode in kvm/qemu on any modern amd64 server. Next macOS will be arm only and likely DRM’d up the wazoo.

https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM

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solatic 2 hours ago
The cost of cloud Mac hardware is quite frankly ludicrous across the board. Namespace's minimum for an M6 is, what, $0.06/minute for 6 vCPU? And that's on the cheap end - Semaphore wants $0.09/minute for 4 vCPU and GitHub Actions wants $0.062/minute for M1 hardware (forget AWS pricing even which is even more atrocious).

If I run just a UI test suite for an hour, that's $3.60/run, which is now higher than what I'm paying for AI inference that made the change that triggered the run. That's crazy! If I ran even just one run per night that would run me more than $100/month. A Mac Mini is $900 - I break even in nine months by buying the hardware outright. If I run multiple UI test suites per day, I break even much faster. These ARM chips are so power-light that the cost of electricity is practically irrelevant, and after all, these aren't rack-mounted monstrosities with 90 dB fans - they're meant to cool themselves sitting on your desk. Maybe it's different if you need like 60 of them?

Is anyone even running the numbers before they sign up? Or are companies really running that many Minis and are paying the premium to outsource the DCOps?

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GeekyBear 32 minutes ago
> A Mac Mini is $900 - I break even in nine months by buying the hardware outright.

When you take resale value into account, purchase makes even more sense than renting.

Used M1 Mac Minis from 2020 are currently selling for about $500 when they originally retailed for $699.

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wereHamster 32 minutes ago
I looked at our GitHub Actions monthly expenses, then at the price of a M4 Mac mini (just when they were released, and still cheap), and decided to buy one as it would pay for itself in less than a year. There are definitely still cases when buying hardware still makes sense, over renting in the cloud.
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MonkeyClub 2 hours ago
> A Mac Mini is $900 - I break even in nine months by buying the hardware outright.

The clue to their decision may be right there, potentially going for an increase in sales.

But nowadays it seems they suffer from a lack of vision and drive; perhaps (hopefully) they’ll come around.

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ghboo0927 26 minutes ago
the problem of buying machine is that it doesn't scale. you have to buy another one if the test gets heavier.
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robin_reala 2 hours ago
I have a test suite that needs to run on a Mac in a project that merges < 20 PRs a year. No point in provisioning our own Mac and maintaining it for that.
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devmor 2 hours ago
The registry distribution subject "for another blog post" is the most interesting part of this to me. I'm very interested in the efficiency/locality metrics that went into designing that. I look forward to that future post.
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wslh 2 hours ago
I am lost, doing it in a Hackintosh is feasible but against EULA terms? I remember having a Hackintosh around the office two years ago (yes, it was x64 based). BTW I just found "ARM is not a universal architecture, there will be no more Hackintosh" [1].

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/hackintosh/comments/1uboij0/arm_is_...

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tonetheman 54 minutes ago
[dead]
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scosman 2 hours ago
Wild to see them using MacBook Pros and not Mac Mini/Studio. Curious how that possible makes sense for economics and cooling.
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fckgw 2 hours ago
They answer that in literally the first paragraph in the article.

TL:DR; They couldn't buy enough minis or studios.

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scosman 41 minutes ago
it's "literally" the 5th paragraph, but yeah, it's there.
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supersimpleguy 48 minutes ago
If only they covered that in the article you didn't read.

Did you literally open the link, see a picture of Macbooks, and come directly back here before reading a single word?

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scosman 35 minutes ago
tbh, I skipped to the part about Virtualization.framework and skipped the part that started "Chances are you’ve seen me on X: "
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varispeed 55 minutes ago
So they buy up the machines, likely create supply issues (add waiting time etc.), then rent them out at premium?

People are outraged landlords doing that with housing.

Yet someone such rent seeking behaviour is acceptable?

Get fucked.

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